Shortly before the release of this book, a new set of macros was introduced into Zend's API that simplify access to zval containers (see Table 9.19). However, we chose not to use them in the example sources, as they don't make many accesses to zval containers, and the macros would have resulted in source code that was more difficult to read.
Figure 42-1. Table 9.19. New API Macros for Accessing zval Containers
| Macro | Refers to |
| Z_LVAL(zval) | (zval).value.lval |
| Z_DVAL(zval) | (zval).value.dval |
| Z_STRVAL(zval) | (zval).value.str.val |
| Z_STRLEN(zval) | (zval).value.str.len |
| Z_ARRVAL(zval) | (zval).value.ht |
| Z_LVAL_P(zval) | (*zval).value.lval |
| Z_DVAL_P(zval) | (*zval).value.dval |
| Z_STRVAL_P(zval_p) | (*zval).value.str.val |
| Z_STRLEN_P(zval_p) | (*zval).value.str.len |
| Z_ARRVAL_P(zval_p) | (*zval).value.ht |
| Z_LVAL_PP(zval_pp) | (**zval).value.lval |
| Z_DVAL_PP(zval_pp) | (**zval).value.dval |
| Z_STRVAL_PP(zval_pp) | (**zval).value.str.val |
| Z_STRLEN_PP(zval_pp) | (**zval).value.str.len |
| Z_ARRVAL_PP(zval_pp) | (**zval).value.ht |